ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of certain Egyptian Heterorhabditids Isolates as Molluscicidal Nematodes for the Control of Deroceras reticulatum and D. leave Slugs under Laboratory Conditions
Deroceras laeve Müller and D. reticulatum Müller are serious slugs of field crops in Egypt. Chemical control using metaldehyde baits is still the main control tactic. In 2018, a survey of terrestrial slugs at Belbies district, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt failed to find the molluscicidal nematode, Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Dead slugs produced only free-living or non pathogenic nematodes belong to Family Rhabditidae. Two imported EPNs species; Steinernema carpocapsae (All strain) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (HP88 strain) were screened for molluscicidal activity against D. laeve and D. reticulatum compared with three Egyptian Heterorhabditis isolates, Ht strain, Ar-4 strain and Serag1 strain. S. carpocapsae (All strain) and H. bacteriophora (HP88 strain), showed promising results by killing territorial slugs. S. carpocapsae (All strain) resulted in the greatest percentage mortalities 100% in D. laeve and D.reticulatum after 14 days at a concentration of 2000IJs/cm whereas, the application of H. bacteriophora (HP88 strain) induced percentages mortality 50 and 66.67% with D. laeve and D. reticulatum, respectively. The Egyptian strain H. bacteriophora showed less molluscicidal activity against the two tested slugs. After 14 days, D. reticulatum mortalities were 36.67, 40.00 and 46.33 % by the application of H. bacteriophora (Serag1 strain), H. bacteriophora (Ht strain) and H. bacteriophora (Ar-4 strain), respectively. Whereas, the percentage mortalities were 20.00, 23.33 and 26.67 %; 10.00, 13.33 and 13.33% in D. leave at low concentrations (1000 IJs/cm2 & 500 IJs/cm2), respectively. Egyptian isolates showed less encourage usage as a specific biological control agent against D. laeve and D. reticulatum compared to S. carpocapsae (All strain) and H. bacteriophora (HP88 strain). Finally, results of this study indicate the need to an extensive survey in all Egypt to detect and isolate the slug parasitic nematode, P. hermaphrodita as it was recorded in Dakahlia governorate infesting different snails and slug species and research should proceed to find virulent isolates from EPNs to control terrestrial slugs.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52596_3b2987e4413b9fa9cf4d2c73de5baa58.pdf
2019-07-01
70
80
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52596
Survey
biological control
Deroceras laeve
D.reticulatum
Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
Steinernema carpocapsae
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Comparative Study of Three Widespread Methods for Extracting Plant-Parasitic Nematodes from Soil Samples
This study was conducted in a productive farm characterized by heterogeneous soil type and planted with Balaika bananas (Musa maghrabi) in Al-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Three soil types namely sandy, sandy clay, and clayey soil were determined in this farm. Three methods were selected for extracting plant-parasitic nematodes present in the previous soil types. These methods were extraction trays (ET), decanting plus sieving (DS) and centrifugal flotation (CF) methods. Results showed that the centrifugal flotation was the most efficient extraction method. The relative efficacy of the extraction (%) in the DS method was 36.76 and 39.29% in sandy clay and clayey soil, respectively while, in the CF method it was 35.94% in clayey soil type, for genus Meloidogyne. The inactive nematode genera e.g. Criconemoides was not extracted by ET and DS methods in sandy and sandy clay soil types. The most efficient method for extracting this genus was the CF method it recorded 51.82 and 47.77% in sandy and clayey soil types, respectively. In this comparative study it could be concluded that the centrifugal flotation method (CF) was the most efficient method for extraction the sluggish and motile nematodes, take short time for extraction, and the final suspension was clear. On the other hand, the ET method using a small amount of water had an importance today in water management strategy.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52594_1519e2ee722ebb391d378f96eb5e0ce3.pdf
2019-07-01
81
89
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52594
Balaika bananas
extraction trays (ET) method
decanting plus sieving (DS) method
centrifugal flotation (CF) method
Meloidogyne
Criconemoides
Amr
El-Marzoki
amr_elmarzoki@yahoo.com
1
Plant Prot. Dept., Fac. Agric., Zagazig University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Spirulina platensis on Suppressing Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Infecting Banana Plants under Greenhouse Conditions
Banana production is severely hindered by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) worldwide. Chemical nematicide, oxamyl is a systematic compound widely applied for the control of PPNs. Because of increase pests' problems, harmful effects on human and environment caused by chemical pesticides and also increased consumer requirements for safe crops have encouraged research on bio-pesticides production. So, the effect of different stress of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and blue green algae (cyanobacteria), Spirulina platensis were examined on banana plants infected with root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita. All tested treatments were effective methods to manage M. incognita in soil samples and banana roots. Notably, the usage of S. cerevisiae and S. platensis in combination treatment revealed the greater antagonistic action on M. incognita in potted banana. In addition it has an avail advantage over artificial nematicides by having several means to attack the RKN and mainly enhanced plant growth compared to any other treatments. Yet, the previous treatment had increased catalase (CAT) enzyme activity and reduced pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity in banana plant that leads to inhibit the count of the RKN. Generally, our results supply a novel knowledge to understand of PPNs management as a new approach for applying bio-fertilizer and bio-control of the parasitic nematodes.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52593_c83eaa58f505866d36f5b34f46d4f715.pdf
2019-07-01
90
102
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52593
RKN
Meloidogyne incognita
Banana
yeast
Cyanobacteria
PME
CAT
Bio-control
Ragaa
Hamouda
1
Dept. Microbial Genet. Biotechnol., Eng. Biotechnol. Res. Inst. (GEBRI), Univ. Sadat City,Sadat City, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mahmoud
Al-Saman
2
Dept. Industrial Biotechnol.,Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. Res. Inst. (GEBRI), Univ. Sadat City,Sadat City, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mostafa
El-Ansary
mostafa.el-ansary@gebri.usc.edu.eg
3
Dept. Plant Biotechnol., Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. Res. Inst. (GEBRI), Univ. Sadat City,Sadat City, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biodegradation of Residual Oxamyl Compound by Algae: Description and Traits of Root-knot Nematode Control
Accelerated biodegradation of the residual oxamyl (a systematic nematicide widely used for the control of soil pathogenic-nematodes), utilized at the recommended dose in soil cultured by banana plants and artificially infested with root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita), was observed using algal bioassay studies. Algae such as Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliquus, Anabaena oryza and Nostoc muscorum were used to determine the degradability enhancement of oxamyl by an accelerated biodegradation process. All oxamyl-degrading species were highly effective to enhance biodegradation of oxamyl compound. Moreover, algal species were effective for controlling RKN, M. incognita because of their enhanced defensive power gained from the oxamyl compound supplemented to the soil. Also, this was improved by the force of the integrated algal suspension to inhibit parasitic nematode. The incorporated application of alga, S. obliquus was the most successful one for oxamyl degradation in plants (75%) and soil (100%) by using HPLC analysis, and had an active promoting effect on banana health. Unlike, the alga, C. vulgaris was the most successful action in diminishing the nematode juveniles (J2s) count in soil (57.55%) and galls count on roots (52.87%).
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52578_add2b59bed66e4f2783214f4d10cdd48.pdf
2019-05-01
103
117
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52578
Oxamyl
biodegradation
RKN, Meloidogyne incognita
Banana
algae
Mostafa
El-Ansary
mosansary71@yahoo.com
1
Dept. Plant Biotechnol., Genetic Engin.Biotechnol. Res. Inst. (GEBRI), Univ. Sadat City, Sadat City, Minoufiya, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ragaa
Hamouda
2
Dept. Microbial Biotechnol., Genetic Engin.Biotechnol. Res. Inst. (GEBRI), Univ. Sadat City, Sadat City, Minoufiya, Egypt
AUTHOR
Omar
Ahmed-Farid
3
Dept. Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bio-management of Citrus Nematode, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Dry Root Rot Fungi, Fusarium solani under Laboratory and Field Conditions
Slow decline and dry root rot of citrus caused by Tylenchulus semipenetrans and Fusarium solani, respectively are serious diseases attacking many groves in Egypt. Efficacy of the bio-agents (Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces griseus and Paecilomyces lilacinus) against citrus nematode T. semipenetrans and their combination with Nemastop were studied in vitro. Such bio-agents and Nemastop were also studied under field conditions against both T.semipenetrans and F. solani infecting Washington Navel orange trees compared with control and Nemaphos. In vitro study revealed that all tested bio-agents had various degrees of effectiveness towards the juvenile's survival compared with control treatment. Meanwhile, Bio-Nematon achieved the highest percentage of mortality for T. semipenetrans (50.0%). The population and incidence of soil borne pathogens were examined after three, seven and twelve months in vivo. Results showed that all treatments led to clear significant reduction in disease incidence compared with control treatment. All bio-agents gave good effect on decreasing T. semipenetrans population and F. solani incidence for twelve months. Benefits, achieved by simultaneous application of bio-agents based on different mechanisms of actions, are discussed. A clear significant decrement in T. semipenetrans population was noticed with the combination of T. harzianum with Nemastop. Meanwhile, B. subtilis or T. harzianum reduced F. solani incidence.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52577_97df9f5c66638ad00c3244e9eb22f86f.pdf
2019-07-01
118
128
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52577
Bacillus subtilis
Streptomyces griseous
Trichoderma harzianum
Paecilomyces lilacinus
dry rot and citrus nematode diseases
Dina
Ibrahim
mickeyocean@yahoo.com
1
Dept. Nematodes diseases and Central Lab. Biotechnol., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ayat
Ali
2
Central Lab. Organic Agriculture, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Howida
Metwaly
3
Central Lab. Organic Agriculture, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biopesticides as Eco-friendly Alternatives for the Management of Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.)
Biopesticides based on pathogenic microorganisms or plant origin offer an ecologically sound and effective strategy for the management of plant parasitic nematodes. Therefore, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the impact of six commercial biopesticides on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting cowpea. Biopesticides used in the present study were: BioArc® (Bacillus megaterium), BioZeid® (Trichoderm album), BioNematon® (Paecilomyces lilacinus), NemaStop (5% CS Abamectin, Streptomyces avermitilis), and Tervigo (2% avermectin, S. avermitilis) and Neem Azal-T (Azadirachtin) compared to chemical nematicide, oxamyl and untreated check. All biopesticides were applied as soil drench one (3days) and two times (3 and 10 days) after nematode inoculation at their recommended rates. Both times of application achieved a significant (P≤ 0.05) improvement in plant growth parameters and significant suppression in nematode population. In most treatments, application of biopesticides two times was better than those applied once. BioArc® applied two times recorded maximum augmentation in shoot length and plant biomass. Whilst, BioNematon recorded the highest percentages of reduction in total nematode population, number of females, egg masses and eggs/single egg mass. All the tested biopesticides significantly showed positive percentages of increased values in biochemical constitutions i.e. nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), photosynthetic pigments (Total chlorophyll content and Carotenoids), and plant defense substances (Ascorbic acid, Salicylic acid and Total phenol content).
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_51846_6be81770b840b4ba82663d07a9f09ab7.pdf
2019-07-01
129
145
10.21608/ejaj.2019.51846
Bacillus megaterium
Trichoderma album
Paecilomyces lilacinus
Streptomyces avermitilis
Meloidogyne incognita
Biochemical compounds
Wael
Metwally
wael.shallal@yahoo.com
1
Agric.Secondary School, Zagazig, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence and Distribution of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Doum Palm Trees Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart. in Aswan Southern Egypt with Emphasis on Biochemical and Molecular Identification of Root-Knot Nematode
An intensive field study was carried out during the period from December, 27th 2016 to November, 3rd 2017 to survey nematode associations of doum palm trees, Hyphaene thebaica in Aswan governorate, Southern Egypt. In this regard, a total of 105 composite rhizosphere soil and root samples were collected from different provinces (Aswan, Daraw, Edfu and Kom Ombo) belonging to Aswan governorate. Nematodes were extracted by Cobb’s wet-sieving and centrifugal sugar flotation techniques and identified to the genus level according to the original body descriptions and standard identification keys of plant-parasitic nematodes. Fourteen genera were found to be associated with the rhizosphere of doum palms and could be descendly arranged based on their frequency of occurrence (FO%) as follows: Meloidogyne (46.7%), Rotylenchulus (33.3%), Helicotylenchus (27.6%), Aphelenchus (17.1%), Tylenchus (14.3%),Hemicriconemoides (12.4%), Tylenchorhynchus (9.5%), Ditylenchus (8.6%), Aphelenchoides (7.6%), Pratylenchus (6.7%), Trichodorus (5.7%), Criconemella (4.8%), Paratylenchus (3.8%) and Hoplolaimus (2.9%). It was clearly noticed that root-knot (Meloidogyne), reniform (Rotylenchulus) and spiral (Helicotylenchus) nematodes appeared to be the most prominent genera recording high prominence value (PV) reaching 3444, 2816 and 1902, respectively and population density (PD) 504, 488 and 362 nematodes/250 cc3 soil, consequently, whereas the rest genera were less prominent representing PV ranging between 109-595 with PD reaching 46-201 nematodes/250 cc3 soil. Examination of root samples revealed the presence of ideal root galling caused by Meloidogyne and their sedentary adult females were isolated and subjected to the traditional identification to the species level using perineal pattern test and reconfirmed by the biochemical and molecular identification methods. Meloiodogyne javanica appeared to be the predominant root-knot nematode species in this study. The current results updated the database of nematode associations with their plant hosts in Egypt and introduced doum palm as new host of M. javanica and probably to other nematodes.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_50394_061c1a006cec0f4f56019fa9606cff76.pdf
2019-07-01
146
159
10.21608/ejaj.2019.50394
Hyphaene thebaica
plant-parasitic nematodes
Meloidogyne javanica
esterase isozyme phenotypes
Molecular identification
PCR
Amr
El-Sherbiny
amr_elsherbiny_68@yahoo.com
1
Nematol. Res.Dept., Plant Pathol. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center Integrated Protect. Lab., Plant Protect. Res. Station, Sabahiya, Alexandria
LEAD_AUTHOR