ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biological Management of the Root-knot Nematode on Strawberry in Egypt
The effect of commercial biocontrol products viz. Nemakill, Nemaless, Micronema aswell as an Egyptian entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) strain of Heterorhabditisbacteriophora-infective juveniles (IJs) within either cadavers of Galleria mellonellalast instar larvae or EPN-IJs in water suspension, compared to chemical nematicidesof Nema Plus Zero and Oxamyl on Meloidogyne incognita developmental parameters,strawberry growth and yield and rhizosphere microbial community were determinedin two separated field experiments. Six months after strawberry transplanting, 30-88%reduction in nematode juveniles (J2) in soil was achieved by Nemakill, Nemaless andMicronema, while reduction range was 37-64% by EPNs compared to 64-73%, bychemicals. The commercial products followed by EPNs significantly reduced thenumbers of M. incognita-J2, galls, and egg masses in strawberry roots. All treatmentsenhanced strawberry growth and yield parameters. Nemakill followed by EPNs inwater and within insect gave best fruit yield of strawberry cv. Festival. Nemalessfollowed by Nemakill and Micronema gave best fruit yield of strawberry cv. Fertona.Effect of tested treatments on rhizosphere microbial community and mycoflorafrequency in treated strawberry plants was presented and discussed.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52840_41dab071aa0744736917cbcced7861d5.pdf
2019-01-01
1
17
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52840
biological control
Entomopathogenic nematode
Meloidogyne
rhizosphere microbial community
Mostafa
Hammam
1
Plant Pathol. Dept., National Res. Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Wafaa
El-Nagdi
2
Plant Pathol. Dept., National Res. Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki , Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
H.
Abd- El-Khair
3
Plant Pathol. Dept., National Res. Centre, Tahrir St., Dokki , Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Mahfouz
Abdel Gawad
mahfouzian2000@yahoo.com
4
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Cobalt, Water Quantities, and Crop Sequence on Growth and Yield of Common Bean in Nematode-Infested Soil
Egyptian agriculture faces a number of accelerating concerns to satisfy food security for over-population increase, avoid lack in the available water resources, challenge expected climatic changes, and manage crop pests and diseases. Hence, horizontal and vertical expansion in Egyptian agriculture is desperately needed. The present study assessed the effect of three components of such an expansion on growth parameters and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) planted in reclaimed land. Bean plants irrigated once with cobalt sulphate at concentrations 0, 8, 12, 16, and 20 ppm promoted plant growth parameters and pod yield. Nevertheless, the highest cobalt concentration, 20 ppm, indicated inferior growth parameters (P ≤ 0.05) relative to one or more of its other applied concentrations. The standard amount of water usually required to irrigate common bean planted in reclaimed land mostly showed better (P ≤ 0.05) plant growth parameters and yield than low amounts; i.e. 80 and 60% of the standard water supply. Cobalt supplement under different moister levels (100%, 80%, and 60%) gave better yield than untreated check. As cobalt concentration increased and/or water supply decreased, abscisic acid contents in plants were enhanced. Plant-parasitic nematode levels were not detectable before bean cultivation probably due to fallowing and sanitation practices which preceded bean cultivation. Also, the levels of the root-knot nematode, RKN (Meloidogyne arenaria), as devastating pathogen of common bean worldwide, were low or non-detectable at harvest but reached a damaging level on broad bean in adjacent field. Given the country's ambition to dramatically expand agriculture horizontally via such reclaimed lands which favor RKNs, an example of crop rotation system with possible modifications and guidelines to manage the nematodes was presented.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52841_d3a4c0e11223c70f80902ffe65673084.pdf
2019-01-01
18
29
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52841
agricultural expansion
cobalt sulphate
common bean
Water deficit
Nematodes
Egypt
Mostafa
Hammam
1
Plant Pathol. Dept., National Res. Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nadia
Gad
2
Plant Nutr. Dept.,National Res. Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mahfouz
Abdel Gawad
mahfouzian2000@yahoo.com
3
Plant Pathol. Dept., National Res. Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Biocontrol of Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita by Chitinolytic Trichoderma spp.
The inhibitory potential of chitinolytic Trichoderma spp. was assayed against Meloidogyne incognita in vitro and in vivo. Sixteen Trichoderma isolates were assayed for chitinase activity using basal solid medium supplemented with colloidal chitin. Isolates recorded high chitinolytic activity were identified morphologically as Trichoderma asperelloides, T. hamatum, T. harzianum and T. viride. The four species were quantitatively assayed for total and specific chitinase activity. T. asperelloides showed maximum chitinase activity (1.736 U/mL). In vitro studies revealed that egg hatching and second juveniles vitality of root-knot nematodes were significantly inhibited by chitinase-containing growth culture of the four selected chitinolytic Trichoderma species. However, the reduction effect was directly correlated with the concentration of fungal growth suspension. Under greenhouse conditions, three sequentially treatments of soil with homogenized culture suspension were studied. Trichoderma species significantly reduced the final nematode population by 97.81% and root galling by 92.81%. Moreover, all tested Trichoderma species obviously promoted tomato growth compared to untreated control. Significant positive correlation between the biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma species against root-knot nematodes and their chitinolytic activity was confirmed. The most potential chitinolytic species, T. asperelloides, also recorded the highest biocontrol activity against M. incognita.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52842_d83ea4e1064b99280f920130110f27af.pdf
2019-01-01
30
47
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52842
root-knot nematode
Tomato
Trichoderma
Chitinase
M.
Sayed
1
Botany Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Sci., Cairo Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
Tahany
Abdel-rahman
2
Botany Microbiol. Dept., Fac. Sci., Cairo Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Ragab
3
Central Lab. Organic Agric., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Aya
Abdellatif
aya_aloraby90@yahoo.com
4
Central Lab. Organic Agric., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Wheat in Northern and Middle Egypt
Distribution and identification of phytonematodes associated with wheat grown in twelve provinces of Northern and Middle Egypt were investigated during two growing seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018). A total of 929 soil and root samples were collected from 119 localities (villages/farms) belonging to 37 districts. Samples contained fourteen nematode genera and species viz., Aphelenchoides, Criconemella, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera, Hirschmanniella oryzae, Hoplolaimus, Longidorus,Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Tylenchorhynchus, Ttylenchus and Xiphinema. The stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp.), the root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.), the spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus spp.) and the cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.) were the most frequent nematodes in all samples. The stunt nematodes had the highest occurrence with 47.4%, population density with 48.2 and prominence value with 33.2. The root-lesion nematodes ranked the second after Tylenchorhynchus spp., in terms of frequency of occurrence (13.77%), while the cyst nematodes had the second order after the stunt nematodes, in terms of population density (24.8) and prominence value (5.4). The spiral nematodes occupied the third rank, in terms of frequency of occurrence (5.5%), and the last rank in terms of both of population density and prominence value (9 and 2.1, respectively).
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52843_a33d3909d28e9e31b1bf59af57fae837.pdf
2019-01-01
48
59
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52843
Distribution
Phytonematodes
Wheat
Egypt
population density
Ahmed
Korayem
kor_asm@yahoo.com
1
Plant Pathol. Dept., Nematology Lab, National Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Youssef
2
Plant Pathol. Dept., Nematology Lab, National Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
M.
Mohamed
3
Plant Pathol. Dept., Nematology Lab, National Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
U.
Elkelany
4
Plant Pathol. Dept., Nematology Lab, National Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mostafa
Hammam
5
Plant Pathol. Dept., Nematology Lab, National Res. Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Screening of some Potato Cultivars for Root- Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) and Reniform Nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) Infection under Greenhouse Conditions
Evaluation of sixteen potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars (Banba, Belleni, Bresius, Burren, Cara, Diamant, Hermes, Kuras, Lady Balfour, Lady Rosetta, Metro, Mondial, Solana, Synergy, Spunta and Strux) for their susceptibility and resistance against both Meloidogyne javanica and Rotylenchulus reniformis infection was tested under greenhouse conditions. The behavior of both nematode species was greatly governed by the tested cultivars. None of the potato cultivars was immune host for both nematode species infection. M. javanica succeeded in invading and developing on all tested potato cultivars except Kuras and Solana cvs. which were considered as highly resistant and moderately susceptible hosts, respectively. On the other hand, Belleni, Bresius, Hermes, Lady Rosetta, Solana, and Synergy were ranked as highly resistant (HR) to R. reniformis, while the rest cultivars showed various degrees in their susceptibility to R. reniformis infection.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_52844_8a9dc77b668f29b747d94dcd5b5faab3.pdf
2019-01-01
60
69
10.21608/ejaj.2019.52844
potato
cultivars
Screening
Meloidogyne javanica
Rotylenchulus reniformis
greenhouse
Sayed
Montasser
dr.montasser.s@gmail.com
1
Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept.. Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo. Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Anany
2
Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept.. Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo. Egypt
AUTHOR
A.
Khalifa
3
Agric. Zoology and Nematology Dept.. Fac. Agric., Al-Azhar Univ. Cairo. Egypt
AUTHOR