ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of irrigation water salinity on the infectivity andreproduction of the root-knot and the reniform nematodes on some vegetable crops.
The influence of NaCl on the infectivity and reproduction of the root-knot andthe reniform nematodes was studies using four concentrations (500, 1000, 2000and 3000 ppm) of sodium chloride (NaCl) in the irrigation water of eggplant, squashand cowpea. Increasing salt concentration and consequently soil Ec resulted insignificant increase in number of M. incognita galls and egg-masses/ eggplant rootsas compared with the check plants (0 salt). The highest number of galls wasobserved at 3000 ppm NaCl. Increasing NaCl concentration in irrigation waterincreased females fecundity on the roots of eggplant and squash. However oppositeresults were observed on cowpea roots. The reniform nematode behaveddifferently, whereas the nematode counts increased with increasing saltconcentration on cowpea and decreased on eggplant and squash.The present results indicated that higher salt concentration adversely affectedthe growth of treated plants and significantly increased the damage caused bynematodes. The influence of salt stress on the nematode development andreproduction depend on nematode species, salt concentration (soil EC) as well asthe host plant. In general damage in plants under salt stress and infected with thereniform nematode was more pronounced than those infected with the root-knotnematode.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63624_d682bb478dea8139734e4389d4a101ed.pdf
2014-07-01
1
11
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63624
M. incognita
R. reniformis
salinity
Al-Sayed
Al-Sayed
1
Department of Zoology and Agric. Nematology, Fac. Of Agric. Cairo University
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Farahat
2
Department of Zoology and Agric. Nematology, Fac. Of Agric. Cairo University
AUTHOR
Shaimaa
Diab
3
Department of Zoology and Agric. Nematology, Fac. Of Agric. Cairo University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of duration of irrigation on the infectivity and reproduction of the root-knot and the reniform nematodes on some vegetable crops grown in two different soil types
Influence of changes of soil moisture due to the durations of irrigation on thedevelopment and reproduction of the root-knot (M. incognita) and the reniform (R.reniformis) nematodes infecting eggplant, squash and cowpea in two different soiltypes was studied under greenhouse conditions. Results showed that the highestcounts of the root-knot nematode were recorded on roots of eggplant grown inloamy sand soil and irrigated at the fourth day. On squash, the highest nematodecounts were recorded on plants grown in sandy loam soil and irrigated every day,and on cowpea roots grown in the same soil type but irrigated every four days.Higher reproductivity values of the reniform nematode on eggplant roots wereaccomplished in loamy sand soil and irrigated every four days. Significant higherfinal population and rate of reproduction on squash and cowpea were recorded onplants grown in the same soil type but irrigated daily or every other day,respectively. The influence of the duration of irrigation on nematode developmentdepend on many factors most of which are the soil type, duration of irrigation,nematode species as well as the growing crop. The prolonging irrigation period(decreasing soil moisture) significantly reduced the growth of the infected plants.Such effect was pronounced with the longest period between irrigation (3 days) inloamy sand soil.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63626_28496689a92e181ed83c2237efc6cf24.pdf
2014-07-01
12
25
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63626
M. incognita
R. reniformis
vegetables
soil type
soil moisture
Ahmed
Farahat
1
Department of Zoology and Agric. Nematol., Fac. of Agric., Cairo University
AUTHOR
Alsayed
Alsayed
2
Department of Zoology and Agric. Nematol., Fac. of Agric., Cairo University
AUTHOR
Shaimaa
Diab
3
Department of Zoology and Agric. Nematol., Fac. of Agric., Cairo University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytonematode Community Structure and Dynamics on Ornamental Plantations of Egypt
In a survey study, 21 phytonematode genera, Aphelenchoides,Criconemoides, Brachydorus, Criconema, Ditylenchus, Helicotylenchus,Hemicriconemoides, Hemicycliophora, Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, Longidorus,Meloidogyne, Paratylenchus, Pratylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Scutellonema,Tetylenchus, Tylenchorhyncus, Tylenchulus, Tylenchus and Xiphinema were foundinfesting rhizosphere of ornamental plantations in 5 Egyptian governorates. As thesoil lighten, the nematode genera thrive, populate and diverse. Helicotylenchus,Hoplolaimus and Paratylenchus were recorded in high abundance and density inpeat samples. The surveyed perennials were poor in their infestation.Helicotylenchus, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchorhynchus and Tetylenchus were incommon association with the ornamental trees (Italian cypress, Ficus andFlamboyant). Nematode genera abundance and density were variable in shrubs.Paspalum samples infested with 15 out of the recorded 21 genera.Dynamics of Criconemoides, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus andRotylenchulus on four shrubs (Schefflera, Windoleaf, Dodonea, Lantana) grow inclay loam soil indicate that nematodes achieved high and low seasonal patternsdepending on soil temperature, host plant, nematode species and nature ofnematode parasitism.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63629_d98aad8d63f74596255b72cee3024522.pdf
2014-07-01
26
43
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63629
Ornamentals
Nematodes
Survey
Dynamics
Al-Sayed
Al-Sayed
1
Zoology and Agricultural Nematology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
AUTHOR
Abdullah
Abdel Rahman
2
Zoology and Agricultural Nematology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
AUTHOR
Hosny
Kesba
hosny.hosny@agr.cu.edu.eg
3
Zoology and Agricultural Nematology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Plant Mineral Nutrition on Tomato Plant Infected with Meloidogyne Incognita Under Greenhouse Conditions
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the most important vegetableplants in the world.Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) causing problemsin all growing tomato areas in Egypt. The use of such mineral nutrients is the mostenvironmentally successful method for limiting root-knot nematode damage. In thisstudy seven plant mineral nutrients i.e. calcium sulphate, zinc sulphate, magnesiumsulphate, iron sulphate, potassium sulphate N.P.K(20:20:20) and urea (5g/pot each)separately were evaluated comparing with oxamyl on root-knot nematode (1000second stage juveniles/ pot each) infecting tomato plant cv. Castle Rock undergreenhouse conditions (19±3ºC). Calcium sulphate showed the maximum values inimproving total plant fresh weight (65.0%), plant length (80.2%), shoot dry weight(97.2%) and number of leaves per plant (24.2%), with the highest reductionpercentage in nematode population density that averaged 92.3%, followed by thatof urea application (85.5%), respectively. Rates of nematode build-up under thestress of seven mineral nutrients and oxamyl were adversely affected. Such ratesranged between 0.1 to 1.8 vs 4.2 for nematode alone. Namely, calcium sulphatetreatment had reasonable lower value of reproduction, (0.3) while, that of zincsulphate had the highest one (1.8), whereas oxamyl recorded a lowest rate ( 0.1),respectively. Oxamyl as a systemic nematicide ranked second to calcium sulphatein suppressing nematode population density (88.7%), and ranked first in diminishinggalls and eggmasses numbers with values of 88.2 and 100.0%, respectively.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63630_5f2597cf247cd6eefeba2986d61323d3.pdf
2014-07-01
44
53
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63630
Mineral nutrition
cultural control
Meloidogyne incognita
tomato plants
A.
El-Sherif
elsherifmohammed@yahoo.com
1
Nematology Res. Unit, Agric. Zoology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
S.
Gad
samirborham@mans.edu.eg
2
Nematology Res. Unit, Agric. Zoology Dept., Fac. of Agric., Mansoura Univ., Egypt
AUTHOR
S.
Saadoon
3
Ministry of High Education- Iraq
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An ecofriendly Root- Knot Nematode Pest Management Strategy on Sugarbeet 1- Utilizing Microbial Agents
Filtrates of several fungi (Arthrobotry oligospora, Dactylella brochopage,Nematochomus concurrence, Fusarium exsporium, Trichoderma harzianum andVarticillium chlamydosporium) and bacteria (Bacills cereus, B. thuringiensis,Psendornonas fluorescens and Serratia odorifera) as biocontrol agents were testedfor their nematicidal against the root-knot nematode, M. javanica infecting sugarbeetplants, as well as for their effects on yield and quality parameters. These microbialfiltrates were applied as soil drench at the three concentrates (50, 75 and 1000%).Results showed that all fungi and bacteria filtrates significantly reduced thenumbers of nematode population and reproduction factor comparing to the checktreatment. The reduction percentage of nematode counts and reproduction factorwas affected by microbial filtrate type and concentration used. Enhanced reductionfollowed increased concentration in each microbial filtrate. Moreover, root, leavesand sugar yields, as well as quality characters (i.e. T.S.S., sucrose and purity %)were also significantly increased.Among the fungi filtrates, V. chamydosporiusm filtrate at the highestconcentration recorded the maximum effect in reducing number of nematodepopulation and reproduction factor. Also, the highest increase percentages ofleaves, root, sugar yields and sucrose, T.S.S and purity% were obtained at thehighest concentrations of V. chlamydosporium. In case bacteria filtrates, the highestreduction of nematode population and reproduction factor as well as, the greatestroot and sugar yields increases were achieved at the highest concentration of B.cereus and S. odorifera, filtrates.Generally, the plants treated with V. chlamydosporium, B. cereus and S.odorifera filtrates had less nematode population and higher productivity of sugarbeetthan those plants treated with the other tested microbial agents. In addition,these filtrates had nearly the same effect of the nematicide, Oxamyl on root-knotnematode, M. javanica. Also, these biocontrol agents are ecological sound,economical viable and partial substitutes for costly and pollution causing chemicalnematicides and have been a successful instead of these chemical nematicidesmanagement strategy when used alone or in combination with other strategies.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63632_6b4af41047f742a7c8881ee5e43ed975.pdf
2014-07-01
54
74
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63632
Arthrobotry oligospora
Dactylella brochopage
Nematochomus concurrence
Fusarium exsporium
Trichoderma harzianum
Varticillium chlamydosporium
Bacills cereus
B. thuringiensis
Psendornonas fluorescens
Serratia odorifera
root- knot nematode
bioagent
Biocontrol
M.
Maareg
1
Department of Diseases and Agricultural Practices, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A.
El-Gindi
2
Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
I.
Gohar
3
Department of Diseases and Agricultural Practices, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
K.
Agami
4
Department of Diseases and Agricultural Practices, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Yield losses by Phytonematodes: challenges and opportunities with special reference to Egypt
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) constitute a major constraint to agriculture.Estimates of their crop-loss are important for establishing research, extension, andbudget priority. Regulatory policy action, pesticide impact assessment, resourceallocation, and program prioritization are usually contingent upon such crop lossdata. Recent questionnaire results of important PPN genera and estimates of croplosses in Egypt due to PPN are presented herein. Crop losses due to thenematodes on 80 crops, 15 of which are ‘life sustaining’, were estimated at L.E.15.85 (= $2.30) billion annually based on 2011-2012 Egyptian production figuresand prices. Crop loss estimates of vegetables, fruits, and field crops demonstratedstaggering figures and therefore nematode problems warrant considerably moreeffort and support than they are currently receiving. Current challenging nematodeissues include reduced number of effective nematicides available and limitation intheir use due to environmental issues, increased adoption of intensive agriculture,climate change, occurrence of resistance-breaking PPN pathotypes oneconomically important crops, and potential introduction of quarantine-nematodes.Therefore, basic and applied nematological research should be more oriented toprovide better management of plant-parasitic nematodes in an economically andenvironmentally beneficial manner.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63633_48c81bd868d6d52cad6a23cf8955b562.pdf
2014-07-01
75
94
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63633
Crop production
nematode damage and management
yield loss
Egypt
Mahfouz
Abd-Elgawad
1
Phytopathology Department, National Research Center, EI-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Tylenchulus semipenetrans inoculum levels on itsdevelopment, reproduction potential, and damage to infected-Volkamariana seedlings
Six inocula 0, 5000, 10000, 15000, 20000 and 25000 second stage juveniles(J2) and males/pot of T. semipenetrans were tested on 1.5-year-old nematode-freeseedlings of Citrus volkameriana. The inoculated seedlings were grown in plasticpots containing about 5 Kg of sterilized sandy clay soil (2:1) under greenhouseconditions for a year. Nematode reproduction and host growth were both affectedby the initial inoculum levels. The maximum reduction percentage of shoot length(38.3%), fresh (25.9%), and dry (44.7%) weight as well as root length (36%) andfresh weight (30.5%) were recorded at inoculum levels 20000, 20000, 15000, 25000and 15000 J2 and males/seedling; respectively. On the other hand, the maximumnematode final population of J2 and males (95515), females (1442), and eggmasses(820) were obtained at initial inoculum levels of 20000, 20000, and 15000 J2 andmales/seedling; respectively. A negative relationship occurred between thenematode inoculum level and the rate of reproduction.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63687_b483fd71017ad8d8d4ba605d02191fc9.pdf
2014-07-01
95
106
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63687
citrus
inoculum levels
Tylenchulus semipenetrans
Volkameriana
Mahfouz
Abd-Elgawad
1
Phytopathology Department, National Research Center, El-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Faika
Koura
2
Phytopathology Department, National Research Center, El-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Abd El-Wahab
3
Department of Agricultural Zoology and Nematology, Factulty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Hassan
Abd-El-Khair
4
Phytopathology Department, National Research Center, El-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sayed
Montasser
dr.montasser.s@gmail.com
5
Department of Agricultural Zoology and Nematology, Factulty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
AUTHOR
Moustafa
Hammam
6
Phytopathology Department, National Research Center, El-Tahrir St., Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of some Rhizobacteria as Induce Systemic Resistance or Bio-Control Agents in Controlling Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato
Ten bacterial strains, selected from a bulk of isolates recovered from tomatorhizosphere, were tested for their ability to induce systemic resistance or bio-controlagents against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato under greenhouse condition.Results showed that all ten tested bacterial strains showed significant reduction innematode development and reproduction. The most effective strains wereMethylomonas methanica, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus brevis and Obesumbacterium proteus. They were achieving the highest reduction in nematode total populationand fecundity. Plant growth was improved as a result of application of rhizobacteria.Antioxidant enzymes activity for both peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase wereelevated in bacteriazied plants compared nematode infected plant as well as totalphenol content. Results revealed that crude culture suspension of bacteria wasmore effective for reducing nematode population followed by cell-free culturefiltrates, bacterial live cells and bacterial dead cells suspension, sequentially. It wasconcluded that these bacteria able to suppress M. incognita as resistance inducersfor tomato plants or bio-control agents.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63689_67d041abd78dfee9f375ed53ac3374f6.pdf
2014-07-01
107
123
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63689
rhizobacteria
Meloidogyne incognita
induce systemic resistance
biological control
Tomato
A.
Anter
1
*Nematology and Agriculture Zoology Department, Fac. Agric., Cairo University
AUTHOR
A.
Amin
aminamin280@gmail.com
2
Nematology and Agriculture Zoology Department, Fac. Agric., Cairo University
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Ashoub
3
Nematology Unit, Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo.
AUTHOR
A.
El-Nuby
4
Nematology Unit, Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of some Chemical Substances as Inducers forTomato Resistance Against Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
The potency of the some chemicals from different groups known as inducersof systemic acquired resistance (SAR) viz., acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA), 5-chlorosalicylic acid(CSA), nitrosalicylic acid (NSA),salicylic acid (SA),ascorbic acid (AS), and selenium(SE) in reducing reproduction Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants cv. Castelrock was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Supplying chemicals threedays-before nematode inoculation showed maximum efficacy in reducing nematodegalls, egg-masses and eggs numbers followed by synchronized addition withinoculation, while post-inoculation treatment was less effective. Reiterative dosespost-inoculation were improved the efficacy of single dose, also three doses usedwere more effective than one or two, while, differences between two or three doseswere insignificant. On the other hand, plant fitness was slightly impaired with thirddose than second one. INA and SE showed pronounced effect in inhibitionnematode population after third dose compared with the rest chemicals, whichshowed mild increase in their efficacy from second to third doses. Unfortunately,three doses of SE were reduced plant fitness after enhanced by double doses,while INA was showed obvious phytotoxicity gradually increased by repeatingdoses. Gathering between the most effective application time (before inoculation)and the proper activated dose after inoculation was studies for emphasized theiraction and comparing with pre-inoculation only in suppressing M. incognitapopulation. Chemical activators showed enhancing in peroxidase andpolyphenoloxidase activities. In conclusion, CSA, NSA, BABA and SA were showedhighest efficacy as resistance inducers. This collectively showed reduction of totalpopulation with pre-inoculation time application and pre plus post-inoculationapplication, 57.6&83.8%, 56.5&81.6%, 55.4&79.2% and 54.5&78.1%, respectively.Also the fecundity of nematode was taking similar trend as total population. Theresults suggest that tested chemicals especially CSA, NSA, BABA and SA havepotential to suppress root-knot nematode infection in tomato plants through inducedsystemic resistance.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63690_59c1c91382cece071f31cd7b3ca6d504.pdf
2014-07-01
124
145
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63690
induced resistance
chemical inducers
Meloidogyne incognita
Tomato
A.
Anter
1
Zoology and Agriculture Nematology Department, Fac. Agric., Cairo University
AUTHOR
A.
Amin
2
Zoology and Agriculture Nematology Department, Fac. Agric., Cairo University
AUTHOR
A.
Ashoub
3
Nematology Unit., Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo
AUTHOR
A.
El-Nuby
4
Nematology Unit., Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An ecofriendly root- knot nematode pest management strategy on sugarbeet 2- Using some amino and organic acids
Four amino and organic acids, L-arginine, L-glutamic (as amino acids),ascorbic and salicylic (as organic acids) solution applied as soil drench in threeconcentration levels to evaluate for nematicidal effects against root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne javanica infecting sugarbeet. Their effects on sugarbeet yield and itscomponents and quality parameters were determined. All of the tested compoundsreduced the number of juvenile larvae in soil, immature stages, mature females inroot, final nematode population as well as reproduction factor, comparison to thecheck treatment. These compounds were mostly variable in their effectiveness inreducing nematode infesting or reproduction factor and enhancing plant yield andquality according to compounds type and concentration level used. Then, thepercentage of reduction in nematode parameters or/and the increases in cropparameters increased by increasing the concentration level of each testedcompound.The ascorbic acid was more effective in reducing nematode fecundity, finalnematode population and reproduction factor followed by salicylic acid, L-arginineacid and L-glutamic acid in a descending order. Also, the ascorbic acid componentshowed the best results in improving leaves, roots, sugar yields and qualityparameters of sugarbeet in comparison with the other tested compounds. Incomparing between the effects of both ascorbic acid and nematicide, Oxamyl onnematode development and reproduction factors as well as productivity ofsugarbeet, the ascorbic acid recorded reduction in juveniles larvae in soil, finalpopulation number and reproduction factor with values of 76.3, 71.6% and 2.1 fold,respectively as well as increases in root yield and sugar yield with values of 65.73and 126.51%, respectively, however, Oxamyl recorded reduction to 73.6, 77.3%and 1.9 fold in juveniles in soil, final population number and reproduction factor,respectively as well as increases to 68.09 and 124.12% in root and sugar yield,respectively.The problems associated with nematicides application turned the workers view tofocus on new strategies or use new safe components or chemicals for nematodemanagement program. On the other hand, it was obvious from the obtain data,results suggest that using of ascorbic acid (at 4000 ppm rate) could berecommended as instead of chemical nematicide to be a main nematodemanagement approach, whether using as part of an integrated managementprograms or as sole control component.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63691_d8b78dc43bb75185374de57185e2c897.pdf
2014-07-01
146
159
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63691
Amino acids
organic acids
Meloidogyne javanica
root-knot nematode
sugarbeet
Oxamyl
M.
Maareg
1
Department of Diseases and Department of Agricultural Practices, Sugar Crops Research Institute,Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
A.
El-Gindi
2
Department of Zoology, Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
I.
Gohar
3
Department of Diseases and Department of Agricultural Practices, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
K.
Agami
4
Department of Diseases and Department of Agricultural Practices, Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12619, Giza, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nematicidal Effect of Some Botanical Powders and PoultryManure Against the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood infecting Tomato Plants
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of soilamendment with six botanical leaves powders and poultry manure in controllingMeloidogyne incognita infecting tomato and their potency in growth improvement.The result of the study showed that all the treatments significantly (p<0.05) reducedroot galling, second-stage juveniles in soil, developmental stages and egg massesand reductions differed according to the amended materials. Although all treatmentswere effective in reducing root galls and nematode population, soil treated withleaves powder of Peganum harmala gave the highest reduction in nematode criteriafollowed by Datura stramonium and Nicotiana glauca, However, Azadirachta indicahad the least reduction compared to the untreated check. The efficacy increasedwith the increase in dosage rates except with poultry manure at the highest dosage.Most soil amendments at different dosage rates significantly improved the shootand root weights. Peganum harmala achieved the highest increase, whileAzadirachta indica gave the lowest one.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63692_430977b833b03a4fb68868ac06e6114c.pdf
2014-07-01
160
171
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63692
Meloidogyne incognita
botanical amendments
Tomato
poultry manure
M.
Saeed
raweh2001@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Yemen.
LEAD_AUTHOR
J.
Shawkat
2
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Yemen.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidants and antioxidants involved in defense mechanisms against root-knot, reniform and citrus nematodes in their hosts
A comparison between the changes in oxidants and antioxidants (involved indefense mechanisms in plants against pathogens) in cowpea, eggplant, jasmine,papaya and sour orange in response to infection with Meloidogyne incognita,Rotylenchulus reniformis and Tylenchulus semipenetrans was held. Different hostsreact the same way to nematode infection, whereas oxidants, lipid peroxidase(MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were increased after nematode infection. Alsoantioxidant substances, Glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) as well asenzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) ,ascorbate peroxidase(APX) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were also increased. The rates ofincrease differed according to nematode species, host plant and nematode initialpopulation.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63693_d305bb2414d4ae037fbebfc6c1f3cd16.pdf
2014-07-01
172
188
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63693
Oxidants
Antioxidant enzymes
Meloidogyne incognita
Rotylenculus reniformis
Tylenculus semipenetrans
A.
Afifi
1
Deparment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture- Cairo University
AUTHOR
A.
Al-Sayed
2
Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture- Cairo University
AUTHOR
N.
Mahfoud
3
Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture- Cairo University
AUTHOR
A.
Farahat
4
Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture- Cairo University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Management of the Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on Tomato Plants by Pre-Planting Soil Biofumigation with Harvesting Residues of Some Winter Crops and Waste Residues of Oyster Mushroom Cultivation under Field Conditions Amr A.
A field trial was carried out to study the effect of pre planting soilbiofumigation with air-dried powders of harvesting residues (leaves) of artichoke,cauliflower, sugar beet, table beet, taro and turnip) and waste residues of oystermushroom cultivation (applied at 300g/m2), comparing to the chemical nematicidefosthiazate 10%G (Nemathorin®) applied at 12.5 kg/feddan for the management ofthe root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato plants cv. Alisa.All treatments greatly managed M. incognita infection on tomato plants.Numbers of root galls, nematode egg masses, final population (Pf) and reproductionfactor (Rf) in all treatments were significantly reduced as compared to control plants(infected with nematode only). Treatment with fosthiazate 10% provided themaximum reduction (91.47%) of nematode infection on tomato plants, followed bytreatments with leaf powders of taro (90.49%), turnip (84.95%), artichoke (82.72%),table beet (81.37%), cauliflower (79.23%), and sugar beet (76.98%). Treatment withwaste residues of oyster mushroom cultivation recorded the minimum reduction(67.93%). On the other hand, all treatments significantly increased growth criteria oftomato plants comparing to the control ones. The increase of total fresh weight wasranged between 69.4-223.7% and fruit yield per plant was considerably increasedby 134.3-709.9%. It seems that soil biofumigation with plant residues studied hereinmay consider a promising and economic strategy in managing root-knot nematodeinfection on tomato plants, particularly in programs of non chemical controlpracticed in organic farming.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63695_830806c832276479cdf09571f2fe3b0f.pdf
2014-07-01
189
202
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63695
root-knot nematode
soil Biofumigation
nematode management
Tomato
Amr
El-Sherbiny
amr_elsherbiny_68@yahoo.com
1
Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Nematology Research Department, Plant Protection Research Station, Sabaheya, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sherin
Awad Allah
2
Agricultural Research Center, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Nematology Research Department, Plant Protection Research Station, Sabaheya, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Distribution of nematode genera and seasonal fluctuation of Meloidogyne incognita with reference to its control on date- palm trees in Egypt
Under field conditions, distribution (vertical and horizontal) of elevennematode genera on three date-palm cvs. Barhi, Samani and Zaghlool. Seasonalfluctuation of Meloidogyne incognita, and its biological control on date-palm cv.Zaghlool were investigated during one year of 2012. Results indicated that alleleven nematode genera recovered were found in high densities at a depth of 30-50cm for both types of distributions, whereas only three genera viz. Criconemoides ,Tylenchus and Trichodorus were detected in low densities at depth over 50 up to100 cm in the case of vertical. However, at depth of 50-100 cm only three generae.g. Aphelenchus, Criconemoides and Tylenchus were recovered in low number inthe case of horizontal. Meanwhile, seasonal fluctuation of M. incognita population(J2) showed generally high peaks on date - palm cvs. Zaghlool, Samani and Barhisoil in August 2012, where Zaghlool cultivar ranked first in this respect. M. incognita(J2) population increased gradually during July, August and September on testedcultivars, then decreased in November and December 2012. Regarding M.incognita integrated biological control on date-palm cv. Zaghlool, dual treatmentsgave better results than single one for both percent reduction of reproduction factorand percentage increase of crop yield (78.1%), especially, Paecilomyces lilacinus+Datura stramonium treatment.Results also indicated amount increase in concentration of total sugar, totalphenol, reducing sugar and free phenols in date-palm cv. Zaghlool of dual treatmentthan the single one, where P. lilacinus plus D. stramonium ranked first, however, theopposite trend was recorded in the case of total amino acids.
https://ejaj.journals.ekb.eg/article_63697_94cf2e1d727316ed2949a400632656d6.pdf
2014-07-01
203
218
10.21608/ejaj.2014.63697
Bioagents
date-palm
Meloidogyne incognita
seasonal fluctuation
reducing sugars
Amino acids
total phenol
A.
Khalil
1
Nematology Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center,Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samaa
Shawky
2
Nematology Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center,Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR