Nematicidal Potential of some Natural Botanical Extracts in Biocontrolling Meloidogyne javanica on Soybean under Laboratory and Greenhouse Conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Plants Pathol. Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

The nematicidal potential of certain plant part extracts against Meloidogyne javanica was determined under in vitro and in vivo experiments. Three different  solvents  were used in the preparation of the tested extracts including water, ethyl alcohol and acetone. The extracted plants included Eugenia jambolana (leaves), Punica granatum (Peels)and Camellia sinensis (Leaves). Results showed that ethyl alcohol peel extract of E. jambolana, and P. granatum completely inhibited the egg hatching of M. javanica while, ethyl alcohol leaf extract of C. sinensis inhibited the egg hatching by 60%. Nematode juveniles j2 mortality gradually increased as the exposure time increased from 24 to 48 hours. Under greenhouse conditions, organic solvent extracts of all the tested plants were more effective in suppressing the nematode reproduction compared to the aqueous extracts. The ethyl alcohol leaf extract of E. jambolana  completely suppressed the gall formation by M. javanica on soybean roots as well as number of egg-masses/plant, and the number of J2s in soil. Ethyl alcohol peel extract of P. granatum  showed the greatest nematicidal effects against M. javanica, while its aqueous extract was the least effective. The plants treated with the ethyl alcohol leaf extract of E. jambolana, showed the highest increase in the plant growth parameters viz., shoot weight, and length  as well as root weight and length compared  to the control treatment. Chemical analysis of leaf extract of E. jambolana by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that it contained thirty-three bioactive compounds, including, flavonoids, antioxidant, oxygenated hydrocarbons, unsaturated fatty acids, sterile, fatty acid ester, triterpene, and others. All plant extracts increased the activities of defense-related enzymes, including peroxidase, catalase, chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase enzymes as well as, the total phenol contents in soybean plants infected with M. javanica under greenhouse conditions.
 

 

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