Phytochemical Screening and Nematicidal Activity of Cinnamon and Ginger Extracts Against Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Infecting Tomato

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Nematology Division, Plant Pathology Res. Inst., ARC, Giza, Egypt.

2 Central Agricultural Pesticides Lab. (CAPL). Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to assess the nematicidal and antioxidant
activities of different extracting solvents from cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)
and ginger (Zingiber officinale) against Meloidogyne incognita infecting tomato.
Three solvents namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were used.
Phytochemical analysis of such extracts revealed the presence of more
components in ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts than n-hexane extract of either
cinnamon or ginger. The highest amount of total phenolics and flavonoids were
detected in ethyl acetate extract of both ginger and cinnamon reaching 105.6; 93.6
mg gallic acid /g and 54.2; 45.1 mg quercetin/ g dry weight, respectively.
Additionally, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of ginger exhibited the highest
antioxidant activity (DPPH free radicals) reaching 90.0 and 89.1%, respectively. The
efficacy of cinnamon and ginger using three solvents at two concentrations (50 and
10ul) on juveniles mortality of Meloidogyne incognita was studied in vitro. Ethyl
acetate extracts gave better results than did methanol or hexane extracts. Ginger
extracts gave promising results after 72hr of exposure compared to cinnamon ones.
Hence, among ginger extracts the maximum mortality in nematode juveniles was
achieved with ethyl acetate (68.0 %) followed by methanol (42.0%) and hexane
extracts (30%) @ the concentration of 50μl after 72 hours of exposure. Ginger ethyl
acetate (300 ppm) proved to be the best for enhancing total plant fresh weight with
percentage of increase over control amounted to 196.0 %. Population densities,
root galling and number of egg masses were significantly suppressed with such
tested extracts. Leaves of tomato were assayed for NPK, total cholorophyll,
proteins, and phenols. Activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxide oxidase
(PO) were also evaluated in roots of tomato infected with M. incognita. PO activity
was much greater in ginger ethyl acetate at lower concentration (100 ppm).
Conversely, PPO activity was increased in cinnamon ethyl acetate (100 ppm).The
present study revealed high potential antioxidants and nematicidal properties in
both cinnamon and ginger. The biological activities of these plants might be
attributed to the various kind of secondary metabolites.

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